立足圣经原则 捍卫宗教自由

注释

1. William J. Clinton, “Proclamation 7036 of January 15, 1998: Religious      Freedom Day,       1998,”   January 15, 1998, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-112/pdf/ STATUTE-112-Pg3716.pdf.
2. George W. Bush, “Religious Freedom Day, 2008,” January 14,    2008,     https://georgewbush-whitehouse. archives.gov/news/ releases/2008/01/20080114-5.html.
3. Barack Obama, “Presidential Proclamation — Religious Freedom Day, 2012,” January 13, 2012, https://obama- whitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2012/          01/13/ presidential-proclamation-religious-freedom-day-2012.
4. Donald J. Trump, “Presidential Proclamation on Religious Freedom Day, 2019,” The White House, January 15, 2019, https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/ presidential-proclamation-religious-freedom-day-2019/.
5. 虽然《圣经》中没有一节说“你应当有宗教自由”，但宗教自由却是贯穿在《圣经》中的一条隐含的真理。杜克提出了这一论点，他指出，“虽然我们不能以这样一种方式来谈论宗教自由的神学，但在基督教信仰的主要神学教义中却有足够的含义来争论，上帝赋予人类自由来选择他们想要以自己喜欢的方式崇拜谁或什么。”换句话说，这是一种衍生的宗教自由教义。 ”See Barrett Duke, “The Christian Doctrine of Religious Liberty,” in First Freedom: The Beginning and End of Religious Liberty, ed. Jason G. Duesing, Thomas White, and Mal-colm B. Yarnell III (Nashville: B&H Academic, 2016), 92.
6. Roland H. Bainton, “The Parable of the Tares as the Proof Text for Religious Liberty to the End of the Sixteenth Century,” Church History 1, no. 2 ( June 1932): 67.
7. Saint Jerome in His Study by Domenico Ghirlandaio (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome#/media/File:Domenic o_ Ghirlandaio_-_St_Jerome_in_his_study.jpg)
8. Bainton, “The Parable of the Tares as the Proof Text for Religious Liberty to the End of the Sixteenth Century, ” 69.
9. Ibid., 74.
10. 19th-century statue of Wazo (right), Palais Provincial, Liège(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wazo_of_Li%C3%A8ge#/media/File:Li%C3%A8ge,_Palais_Provincial05,_statues_d es_%C3%A9v%C3%AAques_Francon,_Rath%C3%A8re_ et_Wazon.JPG)
11. Bainton, “The Parable of the Tares,” 80
12. Martin Luther by Lucas Cranach the Elder (https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther#/media/File:Martin_ Luther_by_Cranach-restoration.jpg)
13. Roland Herbert Bainton, “The Development and Consistency of Luther’s Attitude to Religious Liberty,” Harvard Theological Review 22, no. 2 (April 1929): 122.
14. 根据班顿的说法，奥古斯丁对这个著名比喻的解释影响了后来历代的教会领袖，使他们在宗教上不宽容。在对待多纳图派的争议中，奥古斯丁确立了自己的地位。正是在这场辩论的背景下，他解释了他愿意强迫异教徒的理由:“难道有人会怀疑，对人们来说，通过教导来崇拜上帝，比因害怕惩罚或痛苦而被迫崇拜上帝更可取的吗？但是，因为某一类人更好，并不意味着其他不是那类人的人就应该被忽略。经验使我们能证明，并将继续证明，许多人起初因为恐惧或痛苦而被迫，却从中受益了；这样，他们就能受教，然后在行动中追求他们在语言中所学到的东西。” See Augustine, Letter 185, in Augustine: Political Writings, ed.
    E.M. Atkins and R.J. Dodaro, Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 186. 在中世纪，托马斯·阿奎那(1225-1274) 重新阐述了奥古斯丁的理论基础，这可能影响了未来的罗 马天主教和新教领袖。总而言之，阿奎那借鉴奥古斯丁的 观点，认为因为上帝只关心小麦，所以只要稗子容易辨别， 而且小麦已经成熟，根除稗子是可以接受的。参见Bainton,“The Parable of the Tares as the Proof Text for Religious Liberty to the End of the Sixteenth Century,” 76.
15. 除了哲罗姆、克里索斯顿和瓦佐之外，其他有影响力的领袖也根据这个稗子的比喻或其他经文来支持宗教自由。德尔图良(155-220)，早期教会教父，创造了“三位一体”一词，是另一位支持宗教自由神学家的例子。他认为，“强迫宗教不是宗教的本质，宗教必须是自由接受的，而不是通过武力。”参见 Bainton, “The Parable of the Tares as the Proof Text for Religious Liberty to the End of the Sixteenth Century,” 70.
16. Menno Simons by Hugo Bürkner (https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Menno_Simons#/media/File:Meno_simonis.jpg)
17. Robert Wilken, Liberty in the Things of God: The Christian Origins of Religious Freedom: (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2019), 101.
18. Bainton, “The Parable of the Tares as the Proof Text for Religious Liberty to the End of the Sixteenth Century,” 87
19. Paul preaching in the Areopagus by Sir James Thornhill (https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/work-of-art/ paul-preaching-in-the-areopagus)
20. F.F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts, New International Commentary on the New Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans), 329.
21. Bruce, The Book of the Acts, 329.
22. Joseph Henry Thayer, trans., Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1889), 139.
23. 《哥林多后书》5:11节也用了同样的话，保罗写道:“我们既知道主是可畏的，所以劝人。”塞耶尔关于πείθω的定义出现在《使徒行传》19:9节和《哥林多前书》5:11节，请参见Thayer, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, 497.
24. John MacArthur, 2 Corinthians, (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 2003), 206.
25. 其他使用παρακαλd1ω来表达同样意思的文本有《罗马书》12:8节，《提摩太后书》4:2节，《希伯来书》10:25节和《彼得前书》5:12节。参见Thayer, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, 482.
26. Wayne Grudem, Christian Ethics: An Introduction to Biblical Moral Reasoning (Wheaton: Crossway, 2018), 453.
27. Evan Lenow, “Religious Liberty and the Gospel” in First Freedom: The Beginning and End of Religious Liberty, ed. Jason G. Duesing, Thomas White, and Malcolm B. Yarnell III (Nashville: B&H Academic, 2016), 115.
28. 1553年，国家批准了对迈克尔·塞维特斯(Michael Servetus)执行死刑，就是一个众所周知的例子。塞维特斯因为宣扬反对三位一体和反对婴儿洗礼的信仰，受到了日内瓦市议会的定罪。改革家约翰·加尔文虽然没有亲自出席审判， 但他在幕后主张有罪判决。
    在他对将公民权力和教会权力结合的辩护中，加尔文认为， 地方法官的职责延伸到了律法两块法版的内容；如果立法 者不考虑法律对宗教的影响，那他们就没有完成自己真正 的使命。不幸的是，许多与加尔文同时代的人，包括乌尔 里希·茨温利和托马斯·克兰默，都同意并认为国家在教 义问题上应该行使某种程度的监督。See Nick Needham, 2,000 Years of Christ’s Power: Renaissance and Reformation (London, England: Christian Focus Publications, 2016), Vol.3, 225-26.
29. 主耶稣和宗教领袖之间的冲突一事，在《马可福音》12:13-17节中和《路加福音》20:20-26节中也有记载。
30. Grudem, Christian Ethics: An Introduction to Biblical Moral Reasoning, 454.
31. Roger        Williams(https://www.britannica.com/biography/ Roger-Williams-American-religious-leader#/ media/1/644376/201529)
32. Thomas Nettles, “BAPTIST FAITH AND MESSAGE: Article 17: Religious Liberty,” Baptist Press, September 9, 2002, accessed August 22, 2019, http://www.bpnews.net/ 14206/baptist-faith-and-message-article-17-religious- liberty.
33. Philip Hamburger, Separation of Church and State, (Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA), 2002, 41.
34. Roger Williams, The Complete Writings of Roger Williams, vol. 3 (New York: Russell & Russell, 1963), 111.
35. Roger Williams, On Religious Liberty: Selections from the Works of Roger Williams, ed. James Calvin Davis (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2008), 108.
36. David Little, “Roger Williams and the Separation of Church and State” in Religion and the State: Essays in Honor of Leo Pfeffer, ed. James E. Wood (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 1985), 9.
37. Perry Miller, Roger Williams (Indianapolis: The Bobbs- Merrill Company, Inc., 1953), 131–32.
38. Miller, Roger Williams, 131, 132.
39. Gaustad, Liberty of Conscience: Roger Williams in America, 81.
40. Little, “Roger Williams and the Separation of Church and State,” 13.
41. Miller, Roger Williams, 28.
42. 在这一点上，威廉姆斯明智地写道:“我断言，条例的误用会导致尚未重生和不愿悔改的人在可怕的睡眠中使自己的灵魂变得刚硬，梦见自己幸福的财产，把数百万灵魂送入地狱，指望得到虚假的救赎。参见 Williams, The Complete Writings of Roger Williams, 1963, 3:225.
43. Winthrop Hudson, “John Locke: Heir of Puritan Political Theorists” in Calvinism and the Political Order: Essays Prepared for the Woodrow Wilson Lectureship of The National Presbyterian Center, Washington, D.C., ed. George Hunt (The Westminster Press, 1965), 113.
44. Hudson, “John Locke: Heir of Puritan Political Theorists,” 114.
45. 引 自 Little, “Roger Williams and the Separation of Church and State” in Religion and the State: Essays in Honor of Leo Pfeffer, 8.
46. Little, “Roger Williams and the Separation of Church and State,” 9.
47. Hudson, “John Locke: Heir of Puritan Political Theorists,” 116.
48. Barry, Roger Williams and the Creation of the American Soul: Church, State, and the Birth of Liberty, 4.
49. 正如加斯德解释的:“刀剑可以使整个国家充满假冒伪善的人，但却不能使一人真正归信基督。” 参见 Edwin S. Gaustad, Liberty of Conscience: Roger Williams in America (Valley Forge, PA: Judson Press, 1999), 79.
50. 参 见 Little, “Roger Williams and the Separation of Church and State,” 7.
51. John Locke, A Letter Concerning Toleration, ed. Patrick Romanell (New York: Liberal Arts Press, 1950), 45.
52. Roger Williams, The Complete Writings of Roger Williams, vol. 1 (New York: Russell & Russell, 1963), 392.
    

带你认识世界观真正的圣经世界观，乃是扎根在上帝通过自己话语向人类启示出的真理中的，也是由真理来塑造的。这就意味着，我们要明白上帝的话，将它应用在自己的日常生活中，也要在我们所思、所言、所行中以“基督的心为心”

立足圣经原则 规范人类性角色21世纪迅速变化的道德格局颠覆了数千年来关于家庭、婚姻和人类性角色的规范，有些文化认为基督教的性伦理是顽固和过时的。立足于圣经，“人类的圣经原则”“性”帮助致力于神的话语的基督徒回应文化中对教会关于婚姻和性的历史教导的反对。

立足圣经原则 全力捍卫生命对堕胎和未出生婴儿，圣经有何教导? 圣经是否教导生命从受孕或出生开始?堕胎是谋杀？ 通过查考圣经的关键经文并借鉴整个教会历史上神学家的智慧，“反堕胎参与的圣经原则”帮助基督徒思考和参与关于堕胎和人格问题的圣经。

立足圣经原则 智慧参与政治通过查考上帝圣言和探究政府的角色，本文解释了为何基督徒应参与政治，以及如何以合乎圣经的方式来参与政治。这个资源审视了今天的政治现实和最重要的问题，并为牧者提供了建议，以便引导他们的会众来处理这些敏感的道德问题。

立足圣经原则 捍卫宗教自由在一个日益世俗化的世界里，基督徒必须理解、拥护和拥护宗教自由，即坚持自己选择的宗教信仰的自由，以及按照这些信仰生活的自由。《圣经宗教自由原则》引用了《圣经》中重要段落的证据，并参考了历史上基督教领袖和思想家的智慧，为宗教自由和良心保护提供了一个圣经和神学上的案例。

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